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Cake day: August 3rd, 2023

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  • Electric motors actually work on a number of principles. Depending on the magnetic topology these can include multiple factors or just one.

    The classic DC motor is just a mechanical commutator (rotating switch) that alternates the polarity of pairs of electromagnets, causing pushing and pulling on the rotor to occur at appropriate times.

    AC motors are generally based on multiple electromagnets acting in unison to produce a rotating field. This is then used to twist a magnetic rotor (just like how a compass works).

    Other styles like the modern brushless motor are dependent on sensors (or equivalent devices and algorithms) to achieve the same effect as the DC motor above. The difference is that you can have more pairs of magnets (poles, pole pairs) so you can produce smooth torque by phasing at least three groups of poles that hand off to each other.

    Advanced topologies like reluctance motors use the same principle as a fridge magnet, leveraging the attraction of an electromagnet to a chunk of steel on the rotor. Again, phasing is used to smooth out the interaction.

    For more details, look up the principles of magnetic reluctance, induction (and Lorentz force), and Maxwell’s stress tensor.




  • Totally hear you. First few weeks are tough. Some kids are harder than others, and you’re learning a lot too. Good news is that they get easier, and you will get better at it. Also, a couple months in they start smiling and you get some encouragement finally.

    Until then - consider a postpartum doula and a housecleaner. Takes money, but your life and family are worth it if you are able. You can’t get all the independence back, but you can get enough.